高考英语:
名词,从句_精讲名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词: that , whether , if (不充当从句的任何成分)。
连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which .
连接副词: when, where, how, why.
名词性从句通常有下列几种形式:
1. 由 wh- 词引导的名词从句叫作名词性 wh- 从句。 wh- 词包括 who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连接副词。 wh- 从句的语法功能除了起连接从句外,同时还充当介词宾语、宾语补足语和间接宾语等。例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author.
书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语: In one's own home one can do what one likes.
在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语: The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.
我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席的职位。
宾语补足语: She will name him whatever she wants to.
她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语: I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.
我不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2. if, whether 引导的名词性从句
从属连词 if, whether 引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,因此也分别被称为 yes-no 型疑问从句和选择型疑问从句,起连接从句作用,不充当语法成分,本身有意义,例如:
主语: Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
这一计划是否可行还有待证实。
宾语: Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语: The point is whether we should lend him the money.
问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语: They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.
他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.
她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我担心他是否能渡过疾病的危险期。
3. 由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that 从句。 that 只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性 that 从句在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如:
主语: That he is still alive is very lucky.
他还活着是幸运的。
宾语: John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语: The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语: The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
4. that 从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词,而将 that 从句置于句末。例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
高考英语:
名词,从句_精讲名词性从句