高考英语:
从高考试题中看过去分词作表语和定语
「高考试题」
1. ( 2002 北京春) Prices of daily goods _______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
2. ( NMET 2001 ) As we joined the big crowd I got _______ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
「答案与解析」
1. B .空白处填入 bought ,“ bought through a computer ”为过去分词短语作定语,它相当于定语从句“ which are bought…… ”。
2. A .此题中的“ got + separated ”表示状态, separated 为过去分词作表语。“ get/ be separated ”常与 from 连用,故答案为 A .
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种重要形式。过去分词可以和助动词 be/ have/ had 等构成被动语态和完成时态,还可以用作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语等。本文将着重谈谈过去分词作定语和表语的用法。
同学们在复习时应注意以下几点:
一 . 理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点。
「语法要点讲解」
过去分词作表语和定语用时,常常表示被动的或完成的动作。值得注意的是,有些过去分词(短语)表示的并不是简单的被动意义,如 dressed like, dressed in, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, prepared for, lost/ absorbed in 等。一些表示情绪、情感的过去分词作表语和定语时也不含被动的意义。例如:
It is one of the developed countries. 它是发达国家中的一个。
Don't you know the girl dressed in a red skirt? 你不认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗?
The excited people finally cooled down. 激动的人们终于冷静了下来。
「典型试题」
1. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
2. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
3. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _______ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
4. —— I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
---- Mm. It does have a _________ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
「答案与解析」
1. D .空白处要填的词并不是强调进行的、完成的或将来的动作,因此可排除 A 、 B 或 C 项,而应填过去分词 known ,它在句中作定语。
2. D .第一批课本不是“将被写成”的,也不是“正被写”的,而是“已经被写成”的,所以应该用过去分词 written 作定语,表示一个完成的被动动作。
3. C . remain seated 为系表结构,表示状态。
4. D .第一空应填 pleased ,表示“满意的”情绪;第二空应填 pleasant ,意思是“令人愉快的”。
二 . 掌握过去分词作表语和定语的新形式。
「语法要点讲解」
1. get done 也可构成被动语态,在意义上接近于 be done .例如:
He right hand got burnt in that big fire. 他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤了。
She got murdered last year. 去年她被人谋杀了。
2. 过去分词作非限制性定语。
过去分词可以作非限制性定语,这种定语前面常有逗号,与被修饰的名词隔开。例如:
Hangzhou, known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly. 杭州以西湖闻名全国,它已经发生了很大的变化。
高考英语:
从高考试题中看过去分词作表语和定语