高考英语:
插入语的应用
插入语(句)是说话者对所表达意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度,其位置灵活,常常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开,并且在语法上不影响其他成分。例如:
I think, she has no feeling for your trouble. / She, I think, has no feeling for your trouble. 我想,她对你的遭遇无动于衷。
一 . 常见的插入语和插入句。
1. 插入语常以副词(副词短语)、形容词(形容词短语)、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等形式出现。
( 1 )常见的副词及短语: indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。
( 2 )常见的形容词及短语: funny, needless to say (不用说), most important of all 等。
( 3 )常见的介词短语: by the way, in a few words / in sum / in short (简而言之), in other words, in general, in one's opinion / judgment (按照某人的意见), in fact, in the first place, of course, to one's knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。
( 4 )常见的现在分词短语: strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking (严格地 / 一般地 / 坦诚地等)说; judging from / by …(根据……判断)等。
( 5 )常见的动词不定式短语: to be sure (无疑地), to sum up (概括地说), to tell the truth, to be honest, to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly, to put it in another way, to begin ( start ) with 等。
注意:上述单词或短语作插入语和状语时的区别。例如:
( 1 ) Frankly, he'd like to listen to music.
(副词作插入语,表示说话人的态度)
Here you should speak frankly.
(副词作状语)
( 2 ) True, your daughter is at home now. (形容词作插入语)
He came back, hungry and tired. (形容词作状语)
( 3 ) Judging from what he said, he does look down his elder brother. (现在分词作插入语,其主语不是句中的主语,只是说话者的附加说明)
Seeing from the window, he can see the lake. (现在分词作状语,逻辑主语是句中的主语 he )
( 4 ) To tell you the truth, he doesn't quite agree with this idea. (不定式作插入语,动作主体不是句中的主语,只是说话者的附加说明)
To buy the machine, he went to Beijing. (不定式作目的状语,逻辑主语是句中的主语 he )
2. 插入句为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下: I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地说), that is ( to say )(也就是说), it seems (看来是), as I see it (照我看来), what's more, what's worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 严重的是), I'm afraid (恐怕) , it is said (据说), as we all know (众所周知)等。
插入句独立性强,一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句,它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号,而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。例如:
( 1 ) What should I do first?
What do you think I should do first? (被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序,插入后成为陈述语序)
( 2 ) Who is singing?
Who do you think is singing? (被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序,不需要做调整)
二 . 插入语(句)在试题中的应用。
1. 单项选择。由于插入语通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,命题者有意在句中插入一个从句或插入语,造成主谓分离,给考生的理解带来一定的困难和干扰。例如:
( 1 ) He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science. (上海 1998 )
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
分析:这是一个非限制性定语从句, which 在从句中作主语,代替 the discovery .做这类题目的方法是先将插入语 I think 去掉,然后再将句子还原成为 He made another wonderful discovery, which is of great importance to science. 问题就迎刃而解了。正确答案: A .
高考英语:
插入语的应用