高考英语:
“ It is……”句式归纳
高中英语教材中出现了不少“ It is ……”这样的句子。其中 it 表达的意义不同,“ It is ……”的含义也就不一样。本文在此将教材中出现过的这类句子罗列出来,供同学们学习时参考。
一 . It is time ( for sb. ) to do sth. 意为“该是某人做某事的时候了”。例如:
It's seven o'clock now. Mike, it is time ( for you ) to go to school.
7 点了。迈克,你该去上学了。
此句式的变异形式为: It is ( high ) time that sb did sth. 该句式表示“某人现在该做某事了”,从句中谓语动词常为过去式,说明现在应该做的事情。例如:
It's six o'clock. It is high time that we went home now.
6 点钟了。该是我们回家的时候了。
二 . It is … when …可用于下面两种场合:
1. when 是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“……的时候已是几点钟”。例如:
It was eight o'clock in the morning when they went shopping.
当他们去买东西的时候已经是上午 8 点了。
2. when 是关系副词,引导定语从句,它本身在从句中作时间状语。例如:
It was July 10, 1992, when he graduated from Nanjing University.
他 1992 年 7 月 10 日毕业于南京大学。
三 . It is / has been + 一段时间 +since 从句。例如:
It is / has been three years since we saw each other last time.
我们上一次见面是在 3 年前。
It is four years since I became a student.
我上了 4 年学了。
(注意:状语从句中常用短暂性动词的一般过去时作谓语动词)
“ It was + 一段时间 +since 从句”结构。可理解为:从更远的过去某一时间点,延续了一段时间直至过去的一个时间点,从句中用过去完成时作谓语。例如:
It was two years since he had left here.
他离开这儿有两年了。
注意: since 从句里的谓语动词是瞬间动词时,表示这段时间从该动作开始时算起; since 从句里的谓语动词是延续性 / 表状态的动词时,则表示这段时间从动作结束时算起。例如:
It's five years since he lived here.
他离开这儿有 5 年了。( live 为延续性动词)
It's ten years since he joined the army.
他参军已有 10 年了。( join 为瞬间动词)
四 . It is + 一段时间 +before+ 从句。在该句式中, before 引导的是时间状语从句。这样的从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来时间。例如:
It will be hours before he arrives at the bus stop.
他到车站得好几个小时。
It was not five hours before Tom left for Shanghai.
不到五个小时汤姆就去上海了。
注意:常出现在 before 前面的词或短语有: long, not long, years, months, days, hours, minutes 等。其肯定式表示“过多久……就 / 才……”,否定式表示“不久……就 / 才……”。
五 . It is / was / will be + the first / second …… time + that 从句。该句式意为“这 / 那是第几次做……”。注意:如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时,则从句谓语动词为现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词的时态是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态为过去完成时。例如:
It is the second time that I have been late for school.
这是我第二次上学迟到了。
It was the third time that I had been to Shanghai.
那是我第三次去上海了。
六 . 形式主语 it 可在下列情况下用来代替动词不定式:
1. It is + adj. ( +for sb. / sth. ) +to do sth. 常用于此句式的形容词有: easy, hard, difficult, possible, impossible, important, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising 等。例如:
It is easy for you to find the house.
高考英语:
“ It is……”句式归纳